Draw on the extensive Covance expertise and experience for special reproductive and developmental toxicology studies and techniques: 

Pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, pharmacodynamics:

• Parental blood
• Fetal blood (including very young gestational ages)
• Fetal tissue
• Amniotic fluid
• Milk collection

Male reproduction evaluations:

• Spermatogenesis evaluations
  • motility, total count and morphology
  Histopathology
• Spermatogenesis staging
• Endocrinology Testicular volume (NHP)Testicular biopsy (NHP)
• Prostate status (NHP)

Female reproduction evaluations:

• Estrus determination
• Histopathology
• Endocrinology
• Cycle monitoring

Neurobehavioral testing:

• Spatial
• Learning and memory
• Functional operation battery

Infant/Pup evaluations:

• Growth and behavior
• Immune system development (NHP)
• Nervous system development (NHP)
• Body composition (NHP)
• Bone development (NHP)

Fetal evaluations:

• External examinations
• Soft tissue examinations
• Special histological evaluations (e.g. immune system development)
Skeletal examinations (double staining available)

Other techniques:

• Endoscopy
• Fluoroscopy
• DEXA scanning
• Laparoscopy