Cell migration is a coordinated process that involves rapid changes in the dynamics of actin filaments, together with the formation and disassembly of cell adhesion sites. External stimuli that control cell migration are transduced into intracellular biochemical signals through the interactions of ...

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-proteins) are heterotrimeric signaling molecules composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, which dissociate receptor-induced exchange on the alpha subunit and beta/gamma heterodimer subunit. The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate diverse ...

TGF-beta 1 initiates ...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by various types of lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, such as T cells, B cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, mesangial cells and several tumor cells. IL-6 provokes a broad range of cellular and physiological responses, ...

Protein biosynthesis is largely governed by a cohort of Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIF) that mediate specific steps in the initiation process. A rate-limiting step in translation initiation involves formation of the eIF4F complex that recruits ...

Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIF2) is a G-protein that is composed of 3 non-identical subunits, eIF2S1, eIF2S2 and eIF2S3, and catalyzes the first regulated step of protein synthesis initiation, promoting the binding of the initiator tRNA to 40S ribosomal ...

Hepatocyte growth factor/Scatter factor (HGF) is a multifunctional growth factor which induces cell dissociation, migration, protection from apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation [1]. Receptor Met proto-oncogene (HGF receptor (Met)) has tyrosine-kinase ...

Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and to a lesser extent by numerous extrapituitary tissues. This hormone affects a great amount of physiological processes [1]. Numerous biological functions have been attributed to this hormone's ...

Efficient and coordinated synthesis of the second messengers, including Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), Diacylglycerol (DAG), and Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3), is necessary for normal cell functioning. Production of secondary messengers is regulated ...

Factors of the neurotrophin family (NGF, BDNF and neurotrophins NT-3 and NT-4/5), promote neuronal survival or death. The best characterized receptors for these trophic factors are the tropomyosin-related tyrosine kinase receptors TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, ...