Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved type of programmed cell death essential for development, homeostasis, and self-defense against infection. It can be triggered by a number of factors including UV- or gamma-irradiation, chemotherapeutic ...

Caspases are the central components of the apoptotic response. The apoptotic caspases are generally divided into two classes: the initiator caspases, which include caspase-2, -8, -9 and -10 and the effector caspases, which include ...

The Tumor protein p53 (p53) plays a critical role in safeguarding the integrity of the genome. Upon activation, p53 binds to the enhancer/promoter elements of downstream target genes and regulates their transcription, through which it initiates ...

DNA damage checkpoints are biochemical pathways that delay or arrest the cell cycle progression in response to the DNA damage. All eukaryotic cells have four phases within the cell cycle, G1, S, G2, and M, and one outside, ...

DNA damage-dependent activation of the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility protein 1 (Brca1) occurs via activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated serine-protein kinase (ATM) [1] or ataxia telangiectasia ...

BAD induces apoptosis by inhibiting antiapoptotic ...