The family of Protein kinase C (PKC) contains 3 functional protein types, 'conventional' PKC-alpha, PKC-beta, and PKC-gamma that are activated by calcium and Diacylglycerol (DAG), 'novel' PKC-delta, PKC-epsilon, PKC-eta, and PKC-theta ...

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-proteins) are heterotrimeric signaling molecules composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, which dissociate receptor-induced exchange on the alpha subunit and beta/gamma heterodimer subunit. The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate diverse ...

Adenosine A2B receptor influences cell differentiation and proliferation. A2B receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors coupling to classical second messenger pathways, such as modulation of Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (cAMP) production or the Phospholipase ...

Adenosine is a potent biological mediator that affects numerous cell types, including neuronal cells, platelets, neutrophils and smooth muscle cells. Currently, four adenosine receptor subtypes have been identified: A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Adenosine receptors belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor ...

Adenosine is a potent biological mediator that affects numerous cell types including neural cells, platelets, neutrophils and smooth muscle cells. Currently, four adenosine receptor subtypes have been identified: A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Adenosine receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that ...

Endothelin-1, a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, exerts a growth-promoting effect on vascular smooth muscle cells, implicating its pathogenic role in vascular remodeling. Endothelin-1 action is initiated by its binding to Endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) ...