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G-protein signaling_Regulation of RAC1 activity [score: 1 (0%)]

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) belongs to the Rho subgroup of a family of small GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) called monomeric G-proteins. Proteins belonging to the Rho subgroup are involved in cytoskeletal control, regulation of the formation of the stress fibers, focal ...

Cytoskeleton remodeling_FAK signaling [score: 1 (0%)]

The biological importance of PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2, or Focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK1)-mediated signal transduction is underscored by the fact that this tyrosine kinase plays a fundamental role in embryonic development, in control of cell migration, cell cycle progression, and in apoptosis.

Binding ...

G-protein signaling_G-Protein alpha-12 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]

Activation by ligands of G-protein coupled receptors that interact with the trimeric G-protein alpha-12/beta/gamma causes the exchange of GDP for GTP bound to G protein alpha subunits followed by dissociation of the beta/gamma heterodimers. Free alpha and beta/gamma subunits are active and ...

Cytoskeleton remodeling_Reverse signaling by ephrin B [score: 1 (0%)]

Ephrin receptors and Ephrins are both membrane bound, and following their interaction and clustering, each can transduce signals that regulate cell responses [1].

Ephrin receptors activate reverse signaling through their Ephrin ligands ...

Cytoskeleton remodeling_Role of PKA in cytoskeleton reorganisation [score: 1 (0%)]

A wide variety of soluble signaling mediators utilize the Protein kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA) pathway to regulate cellular processes including intermediary metabolism, ion channel conductivity, and transcription. PKA plays a central role in cytoskeletal regulation and cell migration. ...

Signal transduction_Calcium signaling [score: 1 (0%)]

Calcium (Ca('2+)) is a common second messenger that regulates many processes in the cell (e.g., contraction, secretion, synaptic transmission, fertilization, nuclear pore regulation, transcription). In cardiac myocytes and muscle cells, Ca('2+) concentrations alternate between ...

Cytoskeleton remodeling_Regulation of actin cytoskeleton by Rho GTPases [score: 1 (0%)]

Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) downstream effector Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) directly phosphorylates LIM domain kinases 1 and 2 (LIMK1 and LIMK2) that in turn phosphorylates Cofilin. Cofilin exhibits Actin-depolymerizing ...

Cytoskeleton remodeling_Integrin outside-in signaling [score: 1 (0%)]

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors composed of alpha- and beta-subunits. It is known that at least 18 distinct alpha subunits and 8 or more beta subunits lead to generation of 24 alpha/beta heterodimeric receptors. Most integrins recognize extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such ...

Signal transduction_PKA signaling [score: 1 (0%)]

Protein kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA) is an enzyme playing key role in a number of cellular processes. In its inactivated state, PKA exists as a tetrameric complex of two catalytic subunits (PKA-cat alpha and PKA-cat beta) and two regulatory subunits (PKA-reg) (alpha ...

Cytoskeleton remodeling_Neurofilaments [score: 1 (0%)]

Cytoskeleton of most eukaryotic cells consists of three distinct, yet interconnected, filament systems: actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments (IF). IF network is critically involved in cell shape control and imparts intracellular mechanical strength.

The family ...

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