The tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) is a potent cytokine produced by many cell types, including macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, in response to inflammation, infection, injury and other environmental challenges. TNF-alpha elicits a particularly broad ...

Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is involved in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, proliferation, cell motility and adhesion, wound healing, angiogenesis, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) ...