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Regulatory Processes
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Protein Regulatory Pathways
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Immune response_IL-4 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a T cell derived multifunctional
cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses.
IL-4 induces Th2 (T helper 2) differentiation, causes
macrophage suppression, and stimulates B cell production of Immunoglobulins E, G1 and G4
(IgE, ...
Immune response_MIF in innate immunity response [score: 1 (0%)]
The cytokine Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
is an integral mediator of the innate immune system. Monocytes, macrophages and
lymphocytes constitutively express MIF, which is rapidly
released after exposure to bacterial toxins and cytokines.
MIF exerts potent proinflammatory ...
Immune response_MIF-JAB1 signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a
pluripotent cytokine involved in inflammation and immune responses as well as in growth
factor-dependent cell proliferation, cell cycle, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis [1], [2], [3], ...
Immune response_TLR signaling pathways [score: 1 (0%)]
Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and their cell wall components activate
innate immune system of the host and induce secretion of proinflammatory molecules,
mainly chemokines and cytokines [1]. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate
signaling cascades through ...
Apoptosis and survival_Anti-apoptotic TNFs/NF-kB/Bcl-2 pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
The members of the tumour necrosis factor ligand family (TNFs) may induce both
apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathways. TNFs transduces cellular responses through
activation of different TNF-receptors (TNFRs).
One important mechanism of cell survival is the activation of transcription of
different ...
Apoptosis and survival_Anti-apoptotic TNFs/NF-kB/IAP pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Members of the tumour necrosis factor ligand family (TNFs) may induce both apoptotic
and anti-apoptotic pathways. TNFs transduces cellular responses through activation of
different TNF-receptors (TNFRs).
One important mechanism of cell survival is activation of transcription of different
anti-apoptotic ...
Apoptosis and survival_Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTBR), a member of the tumor
necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is essential for the development and organization
of secondary lymphoid tissue. The LTBR binds specific
ligands, such as the membrane form of lymphotoxin heterotrimer, Lymphotoxin-Alpha1Beta2
(TNF-beta/LTB ...
Cytokine production by Th17 cells in CF [score: 1 (0%)]
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a potentially lethal genetic disease that typically results in
the development of bronchial inflammation, bronchiectasis, the progressive loss of lung
function and, ultimately, death [1].
CF is caused by genetic defects in Cystic Fibrosis ...
Immune response_Bacterial infections in normal airways [score: 1 (0%)]
The upper airways represent a primary site for the introduction of pathogenic
microorganisms from inspired air. The ciliated epithelium features several powerful
mechanisms for prevention of colonization by inhaled bacteria, thus the lower respiratory
tract usually remains sterile. Toll-like receptors ...
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