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Immune response_IL-6 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced
by various types of lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, such as T cells, B cells, monocytes,
fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, mesangial cells and several tumor cells.
IL-6 provokes a broad range of cellular and physiological
responses, ...
Immune response_MIF in innate immunity response [score: 1 (0%)]
The cytokine Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
is an integral mediator of the innate immune system. Monocytes, macrophages and
lymphocytes constitutively express MIF, which is rapidly
released after exposure to bacterial toxins and cytokines.
MIF exerts potent proinflammatory ...
Immune response_IL-22 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the IL-10 family of
cytokines. The major sources of IL-22 are activated T cells,
especially upon type 1 polarization, and natural killer (NK) cells [1], [2].
IL-22 acts via a ...
Immune response_TLR signaling pathways [score: 1 (0%)]
Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and their cell wall components activate
innate immune system of the host and induce secretion of proinflammatory molecules,
mainly chemokines and cytokines [1]. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate
signaling cascades through ...
Immune response_IL-1 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated macrophages,
endothelial cells, B cells and fibroblasts. IL-1 stimulates a broad spectrum of immune
and inflammatory responses [1], [2].
There are two forms of ...
Apoptosis and survival_Anti-apoptotic TNFs/NF-kB/Bcl-2 pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
The members of the tumour necrosis factor ligand family (TNFs) may induce both
apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathways. TNFs transduces cellular responses through
activation of different TNF-receptors (TNFRs).
One important mechanism of cell survival is the activation of transcription of
different ...
Apoptosis and survival_Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTBR), a member of the tumor
necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is essential for the development and organization
of secondary lymphoid tissue. The LTBR binds specific
ligands, such as the membrane form of lymphotoxin heterotrimer, Lymphotoxin-Alpha1Beta2
(TNF-beta/LTB ...
Immune response_MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation [score: 1 (0%)]
Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory and
immunosuppressive agents. They inhibit synthesis of almost all known cytokines, enzymes
involved in the inflammatory process and several cell surface molecules required for
immune function. Glucocorticoids mediate these effects via
the ...
Immune response_Oncostatin M signaling via MAPK in human cells [score: 1 (0%)]
Oncostatin M is a multifunctional cytokine produced by
activated T lymphocytes, monocytes and microglia. It is structurally and functionally
related to the subfamily of hematopoietic and neurotrophic cytokines known as the
Interleukin 6 (IL6)-type cytokine family [1].
Human ...
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