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Regulatory Processes
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Protein Regulatory Pathways
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Apoptosis and survival_Regulation of Apoptosis by Mitochondrial Proteins [score: 1 (0%)]
Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved type of programmed cell death essential for
development, homeostasis, and self-defense against infection. It can be triggered by a
number of factors including UV- or gamma-irradiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, or
signaling by death receptors. There are two ...
Apoptosis and survival_Caspase cascade [score: 1 (0%)]
Caspases are the central components of the apoptotic response. The apoptotic caspases
are generally divided into two classes: the initiator caspases, which include
caspase-2, -8,
-9 and -10 and the effector
caspases, which include caspases-3,
-6 and -7. ...
G-protein signaling_Ras family GTPases in kinase cascades (scheme) [score: 1 (0%)]
GTPases of the Ras superfamily are activated upon growth factors stimuli and controls
a wide range of essential biochemical pathways in all eukaryotic cells. One of the most
important functions of Ras proteins is activation of mitogen activated protein kinases
(MAPK). MAPK pathways are important ...
G-protein signaling_Regulation of RAC1 activity [score: 1 (0%)]
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) belongs
to the Rho subgroup of a family of small GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) called
monomeric G-proteins. Proteins belonging to the Rho subgroup are involved in cytoskeletal
control, regulation of the formation of the stress fibers, focal ...
G-protein signaling_N-RAS regulation pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog (N-RAS)
belongs to Ras family of small GTPases. It serves as a signal transducer from growth
factor receptors and activates numerous effector molecules resulting in cell growth,
differentiation and survival [1], [
Transcription_CREB pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Extracellular stimuli elicit changes in gene expression in target cells by activating
intracellular protein kinase cascades that phosphorylate transcription factors within the
nucleus. One of the best characterized stimulus-induced transcription factors is cyclic
AMP (cAMP) responsive element binding ...
Transcription_NF-kB signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
The Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) plays a crucial role
in immune and inflammatory responses through the regulation of genes encoding
pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, growth factors and inducible
enzymes. Transcription factors of the NF-kB family are
activated ...
Transcription_P53 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
The Tumor protein p53 (p53) plays a critical role in
safeguarding the integrity of the genome. Upon activation,
p53 binds to the enhancer/promoter elements of downstream
target genes and regulates their transcription, through which it initiates cellular
programs that account for most ...
Transcription_Receptor-mediated HIF regulation [score: 1 (0%)]
Insulin and Insulin-like growth factor 1
(IGF-1) induce Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit
(HIF1A) [1], [2] and HIF-induced
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression [1], ...
Apoptosis and survival_FAS signaling cascades [score: 1 (0%)]
Death receptors such as FasR belong to a Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) superfamily of
receptors involved in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
FasR is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, but its
ligand FasL is expressed mainly in activated T lymphocytes
and natural ...
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