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Protein Regulatory Pathways
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Cytoskeleton remodeling_Reverse signaling by ephrin B [score: 1 (0%)]
Ephrin receptors and Ephrins
are both membrane bound, and following their interaction and clustering, each can
transduce signals that regulate cell responses [1].
Ephrin receptors activate reverse signaling through their
Ephrin ligands ...
Development_HGF signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Hepatocyte growth factor/Scatter factor (HGF) is a
multifunctional growth factor which induces cell dissociation, migration, protection from
apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation [1]. Receptor Met
proto-oncogene (HGF receptor (Met))
has tyrosine-kinase ...
Development_VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades [score: 1 (0%)]
VEGF family of ligands and receptors is crucial for vascular development and
neovascularization in physiological and pathological processes in both embryo and adult.
VEGFR-2 is a high-affinity receptor for
VEGF-A. Activated VEGFR-2 can
activate p38 MAPK, PI3K reg class
IA/ ...
Development_ERBB-family signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
The ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases consists of
four closely related members: Epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR, also known as ERBB1), v-erb-b2 erythroblastic
leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, 3 and 4 (ERBB2,
ERBB3, and ERBB4). Binding of
extracellular ...
Development_VEGF signaling and activation [score: 1 (0%)]
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of ligands and receptors is
crucial for vascular development and neovascularization in physiological and pathological
processes in both embryo and adult [1]. VEGFs denote a family of homodimeric
glycoproteins that currently ...
Development_IGF-1 receptor signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
The insulin-like growth factor system (IGF system) comprises two receptors:
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1 receptor) and
IGF-IIR with their respective ligands: Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2
(IGF-1 and IGF-2) and six
high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IBP).
The ...
Cytoskeleton remodeling_Role of PKA in cytoskeleton reorganisation [score: 1 (0%)]
A wide variety of soluble signaling mediators utilize the Protein
kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA) pathway to regulate cellular
processes including intermediary metabolism, ion channel conductivity, and transcription.
PKA plays a central role in cytoskeletal regulation and cell
migration. ...
Cell cycle_Regulation of G1/S transition (part 1) [score: 1 (0%)]
DNA damage checkpoints are biochemical pathways that delay or halt cell cycle
progression in response to DNA damage. Cell cycle proceeds in four phases in all somatic
eukaryotic cells, G1, S, G2, and M, and one outside the cycle per se, G0 [1].
The G1/S cell cycle ...
Development_Prolactin receptor signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the
pituitary gland and to a lesser extent by numerous extrapituitary tissues. This hormone
affects a great amount of physiological processes [1]. Numerous biological
functions have been attributed to this hormone's ...
Signal transduction_Calcium signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
Calcium (Ca('2+)) is a
common second messenger that regulates many processes in the cell (e.g., contraction,
secretion, synaptic transmission, fertilization, nuclear pore regulation, transcription).
In cardiac myocytes and muscle cells, Ca('2+) concentrations
alternate between ...
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