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Immune response_IL-2 activation and signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a T-Cell-derived cytokine
important in the regulation of growth and differentiation of T-Cells, B-Cells, natural
killer cells, glioma cells, and cells of the monocyte lineage.
IL-2 signaling is mediated by a multichain
IL-2 receptor complex consisting ...
Immune response_IL-4 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a T cell derived multifunctional
cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses.
IL-4 induces Th2 (T helper 2) differentiation, causes
macrophage suppression, and stimulates B cell production of Immunoglobulins E, G1 and G4
(IgE, ...
Immune response _IFN gamma signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines that mediate anti-viral responses,
inhibit proliferation and participate in immune surveillance and tumor suppression by
inducing the transcription of a number of IFN-stimulated genes. The IFN family includes
two main classes of related cytokines, type ...
Immune response_IL-6 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced
by various types of lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, such as T cells, B cells, monocytes,
fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, mesangial cells and several tumor cells.
IL-6 provokes a broad range of cellular and physiological
responses, ...
Immune response_IL-22 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the IL-10 family of
cytokines. The major sources of IL-22 are activated T cells,
especially upon type 1 polarization, and natural killer (NK) cells [1], [2].
IL-22 acts via a ...
Immune response_IL-9 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine
secreted by T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. IL-9 exerts
various effects on a variety of cell types associated with allergic inflammation.
IL-9 stimulates the growth and proliferation of T cells,
enhances the production of IgE from ...
Immune response_IL-10 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine with
important immunoregulatory functions. Its actions influence activities of many of the
cell-types in the immune system. It is also a cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory
properties: it represses the expression of inflammatory cytokines, ...
Chemotaxis_CXCR4 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor-4 (CXCR4) is a G
protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is the only known receptor for stromal-derived
factor-1 (SDF-1), and SDF-1 is
the only known ligand for CXCR4 [1].
The CXCR4 is expressed in ...
Immune response_IL-1 signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated macrophages,
endothelial cells, B cells and fibroblasts. IL-1 stimulates a broad spectrum of immune
and inflammatory responses [1], [2].
There are two forms of ...
Immune response _CCR3 signaling in eosinophils [score: 1 (0%)]
Human eosinophils are key effector cells implicated in a number of chronic
inflammatory reactions, associated with bronchial asthma, allergic-inflammatory diseases
and parasitic infections. Chemoattractants/chemokines, generated at the affected sites,
promote migration of eosinophils from vasculature ...
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