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Protein Regulatory Pathways
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Transcription_CREB pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Extracellular stimuli elicit changes in gene expression in target cells by activating
intracellular protein kinase cascades that phosphorylate transcription factors within the
nucleus. One of the best characterized stimulus-induced transcription factors is cyclic
AMP (cAMP) responsive element binding ...
Immune response _IFN gamma signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines that mediate anti-viral responses,
inhibit proliferation and participate in immune surveillance and tumor suppression by
inducing the transcription of a number of IFN-stimulated genes. The IFN family includes
two main classes of related cytokines, type ...
Immune response_T cell receptor signaling pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
T cell receptors (TCR) play a key role in functioning of
T cells and formation of the immunological synapse. It provides connection between T cell
and the antigen-presenting cell (APC) [1]. TCRs are composed of
ligand-binding subunits, the alpha and beta chains, ...
Development_Angiotensin signaling via PYK2 [score: 1 (0%)]
Angiotensin II, a major effector peptide of the
renin-angiotensin system, is believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of
cardiovascular remodeling associated with hypertension, heart failure, and
atherosclerosis. [1]
Angiotensin II receptor, ...
Signal transduction_Erk Interactions: Inhibition of Erk [score: 1 (0%)]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways regulate a variety of physiological
processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptotic cell death. To date, three
MAPK pathways have been characterized in detail. The extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)
pathway is activated by a large ...
Development_VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades [score: 1 (0%)]
VEGF family of ligands and receptors is crucial for vascular development and
neovascularization in physiological and pathological processes in both embryo and adult.
VEGFR-2 is a high-affinity receptor for
VEGF-A. Activated VEGFR-2 can
activate p38 MAPK, PI3K reg class
IA/ ...
Development_EPO-induced MAPK pathway [score: 1 (0%)]
Erythropoiesis is the main pathway of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell development
into mature end stage cells. Erythropoietin (Epo) is a major
lineage-specific hematopoietic growth factor required for survival, proliferation and
differentiation of committed erythroid progenitor cells [
Immune response_CD16 signaling in NK cells [score: 1 (0%)]
Natural killer (NK) cells mediate antibody-depend cellular cytotoxicity through the Fc
fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIa and receptor (CD16a) (Fc gamma RIII
alpha (CD16)) [1], [2]. The preferred ligands
for Fc gamma RIII alpha (CD16) ...
Development_Endothelin-1/EDNRA transactivation of EGFR [score: 1 (0%)]
Endothelin-1, a potent endothelium-derived
vasoconstrictor peptide, exerts a growth-promoting effect on vascular smooth muscle
cells, implicating its pathogenic role in vascular remodeling.
Endothelin-1 action is initiated by its binding to
Endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) ...
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