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Cytoskeleton remodeling_Reverse signaling by ephrin B [score: 1 (0%)]
Ephrin receptors and Ephrins
are both membrane bound, and following their interaction and clustering, each can
transduce signals that regulate cell responses [1].
Ephrin receptors activate reverse signaling through their
Ephrin ligands ...
Development_VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades [score: 1 (0%)]
VEGF family of ligands and receptors is crucial for vascular development and
neovascularization in physiological and pathological processes in both embryo and adult.
VEGFR-2 is a high-affinity receptor for
VEGF-A. Activated VEGFR-2 can
activate p38 MAPK, PI3K reg class
IA/ ...
Immune response_Function of MEF2 in T lymphocytes [score: 1 (0%)]
Myocyte enhancer factors 2 (MEF2) is a family of
muscle-enriched transcription factors that have an essential role in myogenesis. In
addition, MEF2 is also expressed at high levels in neurons
and lymphocytes, where it serves as a regulator of neuronal and immune cell
differentiation ...
Cytoskeleton remodeling_Role of PKA in cytoskeleton reorganisation [score: 1 (0%)]
A wide variety of soluble signaling mediators utilize the Protein
kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA) pathway to regulate cellular
processes including intermediary metabolism, ion channel conductivity, and transcription.
PKA plays a central role in cytoskeletal regulation and cell
migration. ...
Development_Angiotensin signaling via beta-Arrestin [score: 1 (0%)]
Angiotensin II, a major effector peptide of the
renin-angiotensin system, is now believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of
cardiovascular remodeling associated with hypertension, heart failure, and
atherosclerosis [1].
Angiotensin II receptor ...
Signal transduction_Calcium signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
Calcium (Ca('2+)) is a
common second messenger that regulates many processes in the cell (e.g., contraction,
secretion, synaptic transmission, fertilization, nuclear pore regulation, transcription).
In cardiac myocytes and muscle cells, Ca('2+) concentrations
alternate between ...
Signal transduction_IP3 signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
Efficient and coordinated synthesis of the second messengers, including
Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), Diacylglycerol
(DAG), and
Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3), is
necessary for normal cell functioning. Production of secondary messengers is regulated ...
Development_A3 receptor signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
Adenosine is a potent biological mediator
that affects numerous cell types including neural cells, platelets, neutrophils and
smooth muscle cells. Currently, four adenosine receptor subtypes have been identified:
A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Adenosine receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that ...
Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis [score: 1 (0%)]
Osteoporosis is a common disease affecting the majority of older women and a
significant minority of older men. It is defined as the gradual reduction in bone
strength with advancing age, particularly in post-menopause women. Osteoporosis is one of
the major and growing health care problems around ...
Signal transduction_PKA signaling [score: 1 (0%)]
Protein kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA) is an enzyme playing
key role in a number of cellular processes. In its inactivated state,
PKA exists as a tetrameric complex of two catalytic subunits
(PKA-cat alpha and PKA-cat
beta) and two regulatory subunits (PKA-reg) (alpha ...
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