cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) is a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. CREB1 binds as a homodimer to the cAMP-responsive element, an octameric palindrome. CREB1 is phosphorylated by several protein kinases, and induces transcription of genes in response to hormonal stimulation of the cAMP pathway. CREB1 is critical for a variety of cellular and physiologic processes, including proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and adaptive responses [1].

CREB1 regulates genes necessary for cell organization processes, e.g. Golgin A2 (Golgin-95) and Spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope 1 (Nesprin 1), which participate in organization of nucleus and Golgi apparatus [2], [3], [4]. Also, CREB1 targets include: Nesprin 1, POU class 1 homeobox 1 (PIT1) and Protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, alpha (PR65-alpha) are involved in cell differentiation [2], [5], [6].

PR65-alpha and another CREB1 target, Calcitonin-related polypeptide beta (CALCB) regulate apoptosis, cell adhesion and vasodilation [2], [7], [8].

CREB1 modulates immune response and inflammatory processes by regulating the transcription of CALCB, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (ENA-78), Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) and Interleukin 13 (IL-13) [2], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14].

IL-13 and CD5 molecule (CD5), regulated by CREB1, modulate cell proliferation [15], [16]. CREB1 may influence on Insulin signaling and metabolic processes via activation of Adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing (Adiponectin) and Electron-transfer-flavoprotein, alpha polypeptide (ETFA) [4], [17], [18], [19]. In addition, CREB1 targets Renin and Arginine vasopressin (Neurophysin-II) regulate vasoconstriction [20], [21], [22], [23].

CREB1 may induce developmental processes by regulating Somatostatin, Crystallin, gamma D (Gamma crystallin D), Prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) and CCL17 [2], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28]. PROX1 and another target of CREB1, Centromere protein B (CENP-B) drive gene transcription [29], [30].

In addition, CREB1 modulate intracellular ion transport via regulation of Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 (GluR1) transcription [31].

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