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Custom Immunology Services
Antibody Labeling Services |
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Conjugation to Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC): This is currently the most commonly used fluorescent dye for different applications and analysis. FITC is a small organic molecule and is typically conjugated to proteins via primary amines (i.e., lysines). Usually, between 3 and 6 FITC molecules are conjugated to each antibody; higher conjugations can result in solubility problems as well as internal quenching (and reduced brightness). The following are some of the applications for Fluorescent antibodies:
- to screen protein of interest, and allow real-time, non-invasive, representative reporting in living cells.
- act as reporters to provide a new window into the machinery of a cell.
- allow the selection and investigation of compounds that address specific biochemical pathways.
- allow powerful insight into cellular imaging.
- provide early stage target characterization.
- show protein-protein interaction.
- are a useful tool in high content screening assays.
- are a useful tool in diagnostics.
Conjugation to Biotin: Biotinylated antibody is used in two-step detection systems in conjunction with conjugated avidin. Biotin is typically conjugated to antibodies via primary amines (i.e., lysines) and between 3 and 6 biotin molecules are usually conjugated to each antibody.
Conjugation to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP): HRP is widely used in ELISA/EIA as a detection molecule. HRP, a glycoprotein (40kDa), is available in highly purified form, very stable, and provides several options (free amino, carboxyl, and carbohydrate groups) for covalent coupling to other antigens and antibodies. It has a very high turn over number and remains active after chemical modifications. Conjugation of antibodies requires activation of HRP and removal of activating agents. The activated HRP is then reacted with the antibody.
ImmunoAssay Development
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Our Shipping Address
Attn: Immunology Services
465 Swampbridge Road
Denver, PA 17517
tel (800) 345-4114
tel (717) 336-4921
fax (717) 336-3481
AAALAC International Accredited, GLP Studies, OLAW Assured, USDA Research Registered
Alexa Fluor® is a trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc.
Document Revision Date: 9/23/09 |
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